70 практических советов для улучшения своего английского.
продолжение. 1-часть здесь. кстати, vocabulary - это ваш личный словарь,
словарный запас. dictionary - это словарь в виде книги.
Go through your vocab list several times every day.
Просматривайте выписанные слова по несколько раз каждый день.
You can keep your list of words to learn as an entry in your electronic dictionary,
as a mobile phone to do list or as a text file in your MP3 player (e.g. iPod).
Convert your vocab list to English only. Learn all your vocabulary without the
use of your own first language. Ways you can write a vocab list in only
English include with synonyms: words with the same meaning, e.g. "tall"
and "high"; with opposites: "high" and "low".
то есть, давайте толкования другими английскими словами.
Cross out and delete. Зачеркивайте и удаляйте. Crossing out or deleting
words, sentences or whole pages that you have learnt can be a great
motivator, and save your list of things to learn becoming too big to handle.
вообще-то, для подсознания зачеркивать - не есть хорошо.
уж лучше выделить жирным и удалить из электронного носителя.
Throw -выбросьте- everything away and start again. One of the
things that can put most people off learning is a stack of half finished
books or a huge list vocabulary waiting to be learnt. Simply getting
rid of all that and starting again with something new from zero can be a
great motivator and get your studies underway again.
то есть, откажитесь от совсем малоценного хлама,
и возьмитеь с энтузиазмом за новое.
Label things in your house or office with post-its.
Понаклеивайте листочки с названиями на окружающие вещи.
The easiest vocabulary to learn is the vocabulary of things you see and
use everyday. If you can write the names of things around you on slips
of paper and stick them on the real thing, this is a great way of
learning useful vocabulary. If you can leave them there over the
following days and weeks, this is a very easy way of revising the
vocabulary until it is properly learnt.
Label a drawing. For people who can't put labels on
real things, the next best option is to take a photo of a real place in
your life like your office, print it out, and then draw lines to all of
the things you can see in the picture and label them in English with
the help of a dictionary. You can do the same thing with places you pass
through everyday like the station. Because you will see the same thing
again and again, it should be easy to really learn the words for those
things.
то есть, нафотографировали вещей - дома и на улице,
а потом прямо на фото понаписывайте их названия.
Keep a diary in English. Ведите ежедневник на английском.
This is a popular method of making sure you use English everyday for people
who don't often speak English and can't think of things to write about.
The fact that you are writing about real things that have happened to you
means that any words you look up in the dictionary will be vocabulary that is useful
for you and easy to learn.
Online chat. The closest thing to speaking for
people who don't have the chance to speak English is online chat, as you
have to think and respond quickly, and the language is short and
informal just like speech.
Listen to the radio news in English. You can make
this easier by reading the news in English first, or even just by
reading or listening to the news in your own language.
Read an English language newspaper. Freebie
newspapers like "Metro" in London are usually the easiest to understand,
followed by mid-brow titles like "The Daily Express" or "The Daily
Mail" in English. Popular newspapers like "The Sun" are more difficult
because of the idiomatic, slangy use of language and the number of jokes
in the headlines and articles.
Watching English children's films or TV programmes.
Although some of the vocabulary you can learn from things made for
children can be a bit strange, the fact that not only the
language but the structure of the story is simplified -упрощен- can make it an
easy and motivating thing to watch.
Read English children's books. This is very similar
to watching English children's movies, but with the added advantage -преимущество- of
there being more illustrations than adult books, which both helps you to
understand the story and makes the page brighter and more motivating to
read.
English language exercise videos. This is quite similar to how babies learn,
by listening, watching and copying. It is also good for your health!
Learn a famous speech or poem in English by heart -напамять.
Although you may never hear or get the chance to say exactly that line,
having one memorable example of an English grammatical form in your head
can make it much easier to learn other examples of the same grammar as
you hear them. It is also something you can practice over and over
without being as boring as grammatical drills.
Get a little drunk -пьяным- before speaking English.
This can not only improve your fluency while you are drinking, but can
also improve your confidence in future days and weeks by showing you
that you can communicate what you want to say.
Use a dictionary while you are watching a movie -фильм.
Films often have the same words many times, so if you look up important
words the first or second time you hear them, you should have learnt
them by the end of the film. It is easier to use a dictionary if you
watch with English subtitles.
Learn and use the phonemic script -транскрипцию.
Learn some spelling rules -правописание. Many people think that
English spelling is random, but in fact most words follow some kind of
rule, e.g. the "magic E" that changes the pronunciation of "mad" and
"made".
Record -записывайте- your own voice. For people who don't have
much or any correction of pronunciation from a teacher, recording
yourself and listening back makes it easier to hear whether you are
really making the English sounds that you are trying to or not.
Learn as many words as you can of one category, e.g. animal words.
Learning similar words together can both expand your overall vocabulary
and make them easier to learn by forming links between the words in
your brain.
Take holidays abroad. This is not only a good
opportunity to speak English in situations where you really have to make
yourself understood in order to live, but it is also a good motivator
to study English seriously in the weeks and months before your trip. If
possible, also try to use English even when you could use your own
language, e.g. when you pick a guided tour of a museum or historic place
or when you book a flight on the internet, and try to avoid package
tours.
Draw pictures -рисуйте картинки- of the words you want to learn.
Especially if you are artistic, this can be a better way of learning
vocabulary than writing translations or example sentences.
Find a foreign boyfriend or girlfriend. No tips -подсказок- on
how to do this here, but everyone agrees that getting or even just
looking for a date in English can be a great motivator to improve your
language skills.
Arrange a conversation exchange. Swapping lessons
and conversation with someone who wants to learn your language can be a
good alternative for those who aren't looking for romance, or can
sometimes lead onto dating -свиданию- for those who are!
Sign up -подпишитесь- for an English language exam. Even if you
don't need to take an exam and don't want to or can't take a special
course to study for it, paying to take an exam like TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS
or FCE can really motivate you take your English studies seriously.
Use an English-English dictionary. Trying to use a
bilingual dictionary less and switching to a monolingual one can help
you to stop translating in you head when you are speaking or listening,
and other useful English vocabulary can come up while you are using the
dictionary.
Occasionally -иногда- talk to or e-mail your friends in English.
Many people find this a bit false or embarrassing, but if you think of
it as a study club and set a particular time and/ or place, it is no
different from studying maths together.
Go to an English or Irish pub. As well as having a
menu in English and being a good way of finding out something about the
culture of English speaking countries, you might also find there are
free English language listings magazines, English language sports on the
TV and/ or foreign people you can speak to.
Buy a speaking electronic dictionary. Although most
electronic dictionaries are not as good as paper ones for the amount of
information they give you about each word, some of them have the very
useful function of saying the word with the correct pronunciation.
Learn your electronic dictionary vocabulary list.
Most electronic dictionaries also have a button which you can push to
see the last 30 or more words you looked up. By deleting words you
decide are useless or you have already learnt from this list, you can
use it as a "to do list" of words to learn that you can look at several
times a day in the train etc.
Set goals. Ставьте цели. Deciding how many hours you want to
study, how many words you want to learn or what score you want to get in
a test are all good ways of making sure you do extra study.
[repost. lj fb vk.]