Tsuna's abilities stem solely from his use of the Dying Will Bullet that Reborn shoots him with. Tsuna's dying will flame is orange (eventually he has pills that do about the same thing, but provide a weaker flame), which is the color signifying a sky flame, the rarest of all the dying will flames. The flames are color coded to each of the types, as well, but Tsuna, being sky, is able to do almost anything with this flame, while the others are coded specifically to each other (red to red, blue to blue). This orange flame shows up on Tsuna's forehead whenever he is in that state.
There are two states of his dying will, as mentioned before. The first is his regular Dying Will which was just his usual dying will a bit more uncontrolled. This particular flame releases Tsuna's inhibitors from the outside and make him impossibly strong and his personality forceful and loud, focused only on the target at hand.
The other is his Hyper Dying Will (gained when he obtains the Rebuke Bullet) which releases his inhibitors from the inside and drawing out his calmer fighting spirit. This also gives way to his Hyper Intuition, which is his ability to be able to see through any attack from a human being. The flaw in this particular ability is that it doesn't work on something that is not human, such as robots and machinery.
Tsuna has a wide range of abilities that he is able to do with his X-gloves, which are normal wool mittens with 27's on them when he isn't in Dying Will Mode. These gloves are made of the same material as the dying will bullets, so Tsuna is able to store the flames in his hands as well. There are different modes to his gloves as well, including the regular state with an “X” on the back of his hand, which he had until he is given the proof of the Vongola in the Ten Year Later arc where the gloves have crystal on the back of his hand. This gives him the ability to use two types of flames, which are soft, that give him the ability to protect himself as well as fly, and hard, which give him the ability to fly faster and teleport as well.
Also, he has attacks he uses as well, with his gloves. They are listed as follows:
Zero Point Breakthrough: This technique was created by the very first Vongola Boss. Essentially, Tsuna is able to take in the damage from his opponents attacks, there by nullifying the damage, but not only that, he can freeze the opponents dying will flame briefly.
Zero Point Breakthrough Custom: Just like the first attack, it takes the opponents attacks and Tsuna takes it into his body. He transfers the the power from the attack into his own power, increasing the flame on his forehead and his hands.
X-Burner: Using the aforementioned hard and soft flames, Tsuna sends a blast in front of himself, the hard flame going out in front and the soft flame supporting him.
Tsuna also has the ability to use a box, which is the way they fight in the future. The boxes are based on type just like the flame and Tsuna only has one sky box which contains his box weapon; a small lion cub who's mane fur and the end of his tail are the sky flame. It is able to create two things, which are listed as follows.
Combination Form: Defense Mode: His lion changes into the Mantel of the Vongola First Boss, which is a cape that protects Tsuna from oncoming attacks.
Combination Form: Attack Mode: In attack mode, the lion changes into a gauntlet that allows Tsuna to concentrate his flames into one attack which is called Burning Axel which is a ball of flames that he projects at his opponent.