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ok...
heres schmitz draft 4-2...
if you use it...
Classification Task
Samuel Slater, Francis Lowell, Eli Whitney, Elias Howe, Charles Newbold, Jethro Wood, Cyrus McCormick, John Deere, Robert Fulton, and John Ericsson were all very important contributors to the industrial revolution. They all contributed in different ways, but their contributions can be mostly split into three groups. These groups are the textile group, the farming group, and the steamboat group.
The textile group consisted of Samuel Slater, Francis Lowell, Eli Whitney, and Elias Howe. Samuel Slater contributed to the textile industry by bringing British textile secrets to America. Slater was a British man who had been an apprentice in a British cotton spinning factory. He brought the British textile secrets to America. Moses Brown hired Slater to rebuild the machinery of the British textile mills and set up a factory. In a year he had a factory making thread. By 1815 there were 213 such factories in operation. Francis Lowell contributed to the textile industry by leading a group of merchants into forming the Boston Manufacturing Company. Lowell was a textile merchant himself, and in 1813 he led a group of merchants into forming the Boston Manufacturing Company. These men (the Boston associates) established the first textile factory that combined all the tasks needed to turn raw cotton into finished cloth. They relied heavily on the British technology that Lowell had smuggled in. Eli Whitney contributed to the textile industry by inventing the cotton gin in 1793. He also invented the idea of interchangeable parts. Elias Howe contributed to the textile industry by inventing the first American-patented sewing machine. At 250 stitches a minute, his lockstitch mechanism out stitched the output of five hand sewers with a reputation for speed. Elias Howe patented his lockstitch sewing machine on September 10, 1846 in New Hartford, Connecticut.
The farming group consisted of Charles Newbold, Jethro Wood, Cyrus McCormick, and John Deere. Charles Newbold patented the first cast-iron plow. The Newbold plow, patented on June 26, 1797, proved itself finally as a great benefit to the farmer, but like many another brilliant invention - of little benefit to the inventor. Initially, farmers were slow to accept the cast plow for an uncanny reason: they thought it might poison the soil. Jethro Wood was a blacksmith of Scipio, New York, who received two patents, one in 1814 and the other in 1819. His plough was of cast iron, but in three parts, so that a broken part might be renewed without purchasing an entire plough. This principle of standardization marked a great advance. The farmers by this time were forgetting their former prejudices, and many ploughs were sold. Though Wood's original patent was extended, infringements were frequent, and he is said to have spent his entire property in prosecuting them. Cyrus McCormick was a Virginia farmer who invented a mechanical reaper for harvesting wheat in 1834. John Deere developed the first commercially successful, self-scouring steel plow in 1837. By 1841, Deere was producing 100 of the plows annually. In 1843, he entered a partnership with Leonard Andrus to produce more plows to meet increasing demand. In 1847, Deere dissolved his partnership with Andrus and moved the business to Moline, which offered advantages of water power, coal and cheaper transportation than to be found in Grand Detour. In 1850, approximately 1600 plows were made, and the company was soon producing other tools to complement its steel plow.
The steamboat group consisted of Robert Fulton and John Ericsson. Robert Fulton ordered an engine of Watt & Bolton, to be sent to the United States. Early in the spring of 1807 the boat that was to navigate the Hudson and establish the system of steam navigation was completed at a shipyard on the East river. (See accompanying illustration.) The engine was put in later, and on 11 August 1807, the "Clermont" steamed up the Hudson to Albany, the voyage occupying thirty-two hours. During the autumn of 1807 the “Clermont" was run as a packet between New York and Albany. The success of Fulton's enterprise excited much jealousy and rivalry, and a number of persons disputed his claim to originality. Litigation and competition threatened to rob him of all profit from his invention. John Ericsson invented the ship propeller and incorporated the landmark device into his design for the Civil War ironclad the Monitor. In 1826 he moved to London, where he showed the breadth of his engineering genius by developing or improving transmission of power by compressed air, new types of steam boilers, condensers for marine steam engines (so ships could travel farther), placing warship engines below the water line (for protection against shell fire), the steam fire-engine, the design and construction of a steam locomotive (which competed with the historic Rocket, the first steam powered locomotive), an apparatus that made salt from brine, superheated steam engines, the flame or 'caloric' engine. His most enduring invention was the screw propeller, which is still the main form of marine propulsion. Early methods of applying steam power at sea-steam-driven oars, paddle wheels-were inefficient and, for warships, vulnerable to enemy attack. In 1839 Ericsson introduced propellers to vessels on the canals and inland waterways and commenced building a 'big frigate' for the U.S. Navy. He designed and built the Monitor for the Union Navy in 100 working days. It demonstrated its superior design-steam-propelled screw propeller, low in the water, a revolving gun turret, and iron construction rather than wood-by defeating the Confederate Merrimac.
As you can see, these individuals greatly helped the industrial revolution. Whether they helped with the textile, farming, or steamboat industry, these people pulled our country into the future.
Analysis Task
1782-1783: Treaties with the United Kingdom establish the U.S. as an independent country and establish the boundary of the United States as being bound on the north by Canada, on the south by Spanish Florida, on the west by the Mississippi River, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean.
1803: The Louisiana Purchase extends the western boundary of the United States to the Rocky Mountains, occupying the drainage area of the Mississippi River, as estimated by the French explorer Robert La Salle. The Purchase doubled the territory of the United States.
1818: A convention with the United Kingdom established the northern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase at 49°N.
1819: Florida was ceded to the United States and purchased from Spain.
1820: Maine became a state, carved out of the state of Massachusetts. The northern boundary of Maine was disputed between the U.S. and Canada so the King of the Netherlands was brought in as an arbiter and he settled the dispute in 1829. However, Maine refused the deal and since Congress requires the approval of a state legislature for boundary changes, the Senate could not approve a treaty over the border. Ultimately, in 1842 a treaty established the Maine-Canada border of today although it provided Maine with less territory than the King's plan would have.
1845: The independent Republic of Texas (1836-1845) is annexed to the United States. The territory of Texas extended north to 42°N (into modern Wyoming) due to a secret treaty between Mexico and Texas.
1846: Oregon Territory is ceded to the U.S. from Britain following an 1818 joint claim on the territory (which resulted in the phrase "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!"). The Treaty of Oregon establishes the boundary at 49° north.
1848: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican War between the U.S. and Mexico resulted in the purchase of Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and western Colorado.
1853: With the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, the land acquisition that resulted in the area of the 48 contiguous states today was completed. Southern Arizona and southern New Mexico were purchased for $10 million and named for the U.S. minister to Mexico, James Gadsden.
1862-1863: When Virginia decided to secede from the Union at the start of the Civil War (1861-1865), the western counties of Virginia voted against the secession and decided to form their own state. West Virginia was established with help from Congress, who approved of the new state on December 31, 1862 and West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 19, 1863. West Virginia was originally going to be called Kanawha.
1867: Alaska was purchased from Russia for $7.2 million in gold. Some thought the idea was ridiculous and the purchase became known as Seward's Folly, after Secretary of State William Henry Seward. The boundary between Russia and Canada was established by treaty in 1825.
1898: Hawaii was annexed into the United States.
1925: The final treaty with the United Kingdom clarifies the boundary through the Lake of the Woods (Minnesota), resulting in the transfer of a few acres between countries.
Application Task
There were many different viewpoints in all the regions, but mostly the north was liberal, the south was conservative, and the west was somewhere in between the two. One reason the North was liberal was that it was very industrial, and was making the most out of the industrial revolution. This made its viewpoint liberal because the industrial revolution required a lot of loose interpretation of the constitution, and loose interpretation is liberal. One reason the south was conservative was that strict interpretation of the constitution was in its best interest. They didn’t want the new taxes (taxes that would harm southern farming) to get passed. The West changed sides and viewpoints often, and cared more about what was good for the west than anything else. That was because they were a relatively new region and wanted internal improvement more than anything else. Regionalism still exists, but now the west and north are liberal and the south is conservative. The western and the northern states vote democrat and the south votes republican on most things.
Comparison Task
I think that the motives expressed by Frederick Turner, Admiral Mahan, and Josiah Strong for expansion are all different, but I think the most reasonable is that of Admiral Mahan. The others ideas on expansion were wild and unlikely to happen. The reason the Americans did not achieve their goals in China was because of great powers who sought spheres of influence, or areas of control, in China. Senator Hay improved the US position by sending “Open Door” notes to the countries inhabiting China that said Chinese trade was open to anyone who wanted it. President McKinley thought that the US should take control of the Philippines and William G. Sumner thought that to do so would be morally wrong and would violate the American belief in liberty.
Predictive Task
I think we are still expanding our sphere of influence in that in recently liberating the Iraqi government we are influencing them and we are also influencing the Afghanis. When we acquired the large chunk of land from Mexico we considered it given…the Mexicans considered it stolen. They are very keen on getting it back and wished to buy it from the US. I think in the future the US will disappear, because eventually enough countries will be offended by us that we will be allied against and defeated (like Hitler in World War 2) we will grow a huge empire of heavy-handed influence and then we will be destroyed, but our influence will linger on.
have fun with that...