(no subject)
Chapter 9-12 Review
1. Byzantine Empire
2. 500-1450 CE
3. Constantinople
4. Constantine
5. 4th century CE when Romans set up their eastern capital in Constantinople, Distinction from Rome, 500 CE
6. The period in Western European history from the deadline and fall of the Roman Empire until the 15th century, Remained Commercially and culturally backward, development did usher in certain political and cultural forms.
7. Vikings
8. W Europe participated in the emerging international communities
New religious beliefs
Spread of Civilization outside mediterrranean
plagued by disease
9. Medieval backwardness certainly accounts for a long-standing anxiety about the more powerful Muslim world.
10. Population grew
devleopment of Universities
Strong current of spirituality
development of new political forms and social organizations
11. Low Countries (Holland, Belgium, Fance, N+S Germany)
12. Lack of intellectual activity.
13. Social organization created during the Middle Ages by exchanging grants of land of fiefs in return for formal oaths of allegiance and promises of loyal service.
14. heavy plow introduced in North Europe in Middle Ages
15. System that described economic and political relations between landlords and peasant laborers during Middle Ages
16. Members of the military elite in the Middle Ages who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty
17. System of agricultural cultivation by 9th century in Western Europe
18. yes, lords governed themselves.
19. Peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the Middle Ages,
20. 800 CE
21. Scholasticism
22. Thomas Aquinas
23. expressed a wider combination of religious zeal, growing commercial and military vigor on the part of knights and merchants(who org. the largest efforts) exposed the west to to new cultural and economic influences from the Middle east, greater thirst for trade.
24. Early Frankish king, converted Franks to Christianity, allowed establishment of Frankish kingdom
25.
26. Gothic
27. Balance between church and state
Land-owning aristocracy lost dominance s chief military force
middle eastern intellect and synthesisbreaking down
parliaments limiting power of kings
28. Stressed security and mutual control; Attempted to give all members a shore in any endeavor; Tried to limit their membership so that all members would have work; Regulated apprentices to guarantee good training; Discouraged new methods because of security and rough equality; Tried to guarantee quality on merchandise to please consumers
29. Kings relied more on paid armies instead of nobility
30.
31. Urban growth allowed more specialized mannufacturing and commercial activities
Money economy replaced barter system
Trade permitted redevelopment of commerce in the mediterranean
Peasants able to throw offconstraints of manorialism
32. Nomadic peoples including the Toltecs
33. The valley of Mexico and especially to the shores of the large chain of lakes in that basin
34. Aztecs
35. No they were completely separate
36. Elaborate Cultural system
Highly developedagriculture
diverse civilizations
large cities
37. Mexico
38. Tehochtitlan, Texocoo, Tlacopan united in a triple alliance that controlled much of the central plateau. The Aztecs and the people of Tehochtitlan dominated their allies and controlled the major share of the tribute and lands taken.
39. The need of a Tlacaelel, a man who served as a prime minister and advisor under three rulers; human sacrifice, a part of Mesopotamians religions was expanded; military class became the suppliers of war captures to be used as sacrificial victims; by the end, Tlacaelel and the Aztec rulers about their power and had complete control
40. At least 128 deities; had gods for everything; polytheistic; heavily demanded human sacrifice to please their gods; depended on a complex system of mythology, they viewed history as a cycle and believed the world was destroyed for times in the past and would be destroyed again, making it hard to please gods.
41. Beds of aquatic weeds, mud and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create “floating islands;” system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs
42. It was a cycle and the world will be destroyed again
43. Seven clans in Aztec society later expanded to more than sixty, divided into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors
44. based on agriculture (crops, Chinampas) to feed the population and trade; state controlled use and distribution of commodities; mixed economy; assigned tribute levels for people to accept Aztec rule which included paying level, slaves and sacrificial victims
45.
46.
47. Women had many roles; work in fields and household, child-rearing, cooking, weaving, training daughters etc; marriages often were lineages, virginity was highly regarded for women
48.
49.
50. The desire for economic gain, political power, to ensure their own cult and place for eternity, demand for labor, land, tributes
51.
52. Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers
53. Cult of Ancestors
54. They were drawn from the IO royal ayllus
55.
56.
57. Spread widely through America
58. Wendi started it, but his son Yangdi killed him and expanded the Sui
59.
60. Yangdi was greedy and forced limitless jobs upon his people to build his palaces; Unsuccessful wars to bring Korea back under Chinese rules; Provincial governors declared themselves independent rulers; Raids by bandit gangs; Nomadic people seized large sections of Northern China plain.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67. dikes, dams, bridges irrigation systems, abacus, chinese junk, gunpowder, paper money, paper
68.
69. In upper classes, opportunities for personal expression increased in the Tang and early Song era and Tang women could gain considerable power in high society; Men wanted women to be ONLY housewives; Men could have premarital sex but it was unacceptable for a woman to; Footbinding made women more appealing to the male species; Women were still subordinate to men
70.
for info on essay #1 go to http://www.mvhs.net/~attvc2/Inca/ and http://www.mvhs.net/~attvc2/Aztec/