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Events
1620 - Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sight land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
1921 - Albert Einstein is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with the photoelectric effect.
1989 - Cold War: Fall of the Berlin Wall. Communist-controlled East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall allowing its citizens to travel to West Germany. People start demolishing the Berlin Wall.
2005 - The Venus Express mission of the European Space Agency is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
Births
1818 (N.S.) - Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (d. 1883)
1913 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress and inventor (d. 2000)
1934 - Carl Sagan, American astronomer and writer (d. 1996)
Deaths
1888 - Mary Jane Kelly, last known Jack the Ripper victim.
1970 - Charles de Gaulle, President of France (b. 1890)
Holiday
Europe - Inventor's Day - in honor of Hedy Lamarr's birthday