Цена человеческой жизни 2
Мне часто бросают в лицо: в России человек ничего не стоит, а вот в Америке....! Не буду говорить за Россию, а вот что имею сказать за Америку: тут у каждой человеческой жизни есть банальная цена и если цена человеческой жизни станет меньше расходов, на неё банально плюнут.
Вот к примеру, почему стараются, чтобы было меньше потерь среди военных? А потому что потери просто дорого стоят! Не солдат ценят, а бабло!!! Пока солдаты были призывными, их бросали в мясорубки Вьетнама и Кореи, когда чужими руками (как в мировых войнах) нельзя было решить военных задач. После Вьетнама армия стала наемной и стоимость солдата резко возросла: за смерть и тем более увечье государство должно было платить большие суммы. Более того, излишняя гибель солдат обычно ведет к сокращению военного присутствия США в данном регионе по политическим мотивам (вспомните Сомали 1992) и, как следствие, сокращение военных расходов. А кто же такое будет терпеть? Америка - страна бизнеса и все что мешает бизнесу (пусть и на крови) должно быть устранено.
Однако, есть и примеры, когда человеческую жизнь посчитали и оценили МЕНЬШЕ возможных прибылей. То есть, человеческая жизнь сама по себе ценностью для Американской системы не является. Все упирается в баланс доход/убытки (от ущерба или смерти людей).
Пример номер 1. Флинт, Штат Мичиган. Местные и штатные власти посчитали, что тянуть питьевую воду издалека - это дорого и вместо этого протянулли воду из местной речки-вонючки. Как результат, сто тысяч человек получили отравление свинцом, многие дети - необратимый ущерб.
The Flint water crisis began in 2014, after the drinking water source for the city of Flint, Michigan was changed from Lake Huron and the Detroit River to a less costly source of the Flint River. Due to insufficient water treatment, lead leached from water pipes into the drinking water, exposing over 100,000 residents to elevated lead levels.
After a pair of scientific studies proved lead contamination was present in the water supply, a federal state of emergency was declared in January 2016 and Flint residents were instructed to use only bottled or filtered water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and bathing. Some officials have alleged that as of early 2017, the water quality had returned to acceptable levels. However, as of January 2019, residents and officials still express doubt over whether the water in Flint is safe to drink. All the lead pipes are being replaced, which is expected to be completed in 2019.
Отсюда
И да, пять лет спустя, питьевой воды из под крана у жителей все ещё нет.
Пример номер 2. Взрыв на заводе по производству удобрений в Вест Техасе. Завод взорвался после умышленнного поджога, 15 человек погибло, городок практически снесло с лица земли. Завод, на котором производились очень взрывоопасные удобрения даже не имел забора! Не говоря о соответствующей охране, видеонаблюдении и противопожарных устройствах. Почему? Потому что очень дорого содержать! Более того, страховка составлла всего миллион долларов, поскольку штат Техас очень либертарианский и всякие регуляции там не требуются. В конце концов владельцев не посадили, а стоило им все это чуть более 10 миллионов долларов по суду. Зная местные цены, системы безопасности за 30 лет (когда последний раз была инспекция) оказались бы в разы дороже. 15 трупов, но это бизнес, ничего личного.
At the time of the incident, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) had last inspected the plant in 1985. According to records obtained by the Associated Press, OSHA cited the plant for improper storage of anhydrous ammonia and fined it $30. OSHA could have fined the company as much as $1,000. OSHA also cited the plant for violations of respiratory protection standards, but did not impose a fine. OSHA officials said the facility was not on their "National Emphasis Plan" for inspections, because it was not a manufacturer, had no record of a major accident, and the Environmental Protection Agency did not consider it a major risk.
After a complaint in 2006 about an ammonia smell coming from the facility, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality investigated and cited the operator for not having a permit for two storage tanks that contained anhydrous ammonia. A permit was issued once the operators brought the facility into accord with agency regulations and recommendations. Also in 2006, the EPA fined the owners $2,300 for problems that included not filing a risk management program plan on time.In June 2012, the U.S. Department of Transportation's Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration further fined the facility $5,250 for violations regarding anhydrous ammonia storage.
According to an open records request by Reuters, the plant had a long history of minor thefts, presumably by people wanting to use anhydrous ammonia to make methamphetamine. The facility lacked burglar alarms, or even a fenced perimeter. It installed a surveillance system in 2009 after law enforcement recommended they do so.
In an emergency planning report filed with the EPA in 2011, company officials said the ammonia storage tanks did not represent a significant fire or explosion hazard. The tanks were still intact following the fire and explosion.
According to its last filing with the EPA in late 2012, the company stated that it stored 540,000 pounds (270 short tons; 240 t) of ammonium nitrate and 110,000 pounds (55 short tons; 50 t) of anhydrous ammonia on the site. A week after the explosion, Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano told Senate investigators that the company did not appear to have disclosed its ammonium nitrate stock to her department. Federal law requires that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) be notified whenever anyone has more than one ton of ammonium nitrate on hand, or 400 pounds (180 kg) if the ammonium nitrate is combined with combustible material.
At least seven lawsuits were filed against Adair Grain Inc., which owned the West Fertilizer Company facility. On October 11, 2015, a day before jury selection was to begin, parties reached a partial settlement in one case. Its terms have not been disclosed. The settlement includes the families of the three civilians killed in the fire and explosion. This is separate from the $118,300 in fines that West Fertilizer was handed for violating several rules about the handling of hazardous materials.
In January 2018, it was reported that the city of West will receive $10.44 million in settlements with defendants in the litigation around the plant explosion, the West City Council approved the settlement, which includes funds for damages not covered by insurance or grants from state or federal agencies. The lawsuit that the settlement pertains to, was filed on behalf of the city and claimed the defendants were negligent in selling or distributing the ammonium nitrate based fertilizer, that they failed to properly warn of the dangers associated with the handling and storage of the product, and should have never sold the product to West Fertilizer.
Отсюда
Пример номер 3. Падение Боингов. Тут я даже начинать не хочу....
Можете сами добавлять примеры
Вот к примеру, почему стараются, чтобы было меньше потерь среди военных? А потому что потери просто дорого стоят! Не солдат ценят, а бабло!!! Пока солдаты были призывными, их бросали в мясорубки Вьетнама и Кореи, когда чужими руками (как в мировых войнах) нельзя было решить военных задач. После Вьетнама армия стала наемной и стоимость солдата резко возросла: за смерть и тем более увечье государство должно было платить большие суммы. Более того, излишняя гибель солдат обычно ведет к сокращению военного присутствия США в данном регионе по политическим мотивам (вспомните Сомали 1992) и, как следствие, сокращение военных расходов. А кто же такое будет терпеть? Америка - страна бизнеса и все что мешает бизнесу (пусть и на крови) должно быть устранено.
Однако, есть и примеры, когда человеческую жизнь посчитали и оценили МЕНЬШЕ возможных прибылей. То есть, человеческая жизнь сама по себе ценностью для Американской системы не является. Все упирается в баланс доход/убытки (от ущерба или смерти людей).
Пример номер 1. Флинт, Штат Мичиган. Местные и штатные власти посчитали, что тянуть питьевую воду издалека - это дорого и вместо этого протянулли воду из местной речки-вонючки. Как результат, сто тысяч человек получили отравление свинцом, многие дети - необратимый ущерб.
The Flint water crisis began in 2014, after the drinking water source for the city of Flint, Michigan was changed from Lake Huron and the Detroit River to a less costly source of the Flint River. Due to insufficient water treatment, lead leached from water pipes into the drinking water, exposing over 100,000 residents to elevated lead levels.
After a pair of scientific studies proved lead contamination was present in the water supply, a federal state of emergency was declared in January 2016 and Flint residents were instructed to use only bottled or filtered water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and bathing. Some officials have alleged that as of early 2017, the water quality had returned to acceptable levels. However, as of January 2019, residents and officials still express doubt over whether the water in Flint is safe to drink. All the lead pipes are being replaced, which is expected to be completed in 2019.
Отсюда
И да, пять лет спустя, питьевой воды из под крана у жителей все ещё нет.
Пример номер 2. Взрыв на заводе по производству удобрений в Вест Техасе. Завод взорвался после умышленнного поджога, 15 человек погибло, городок практически снесло с лица земли. Завод, на котором производились очень взрывоопасные удобрения даже не имел забора! Не говоря о соответствующей охране, видеонаблюдении и противопожарных устройствах. Почему? Потому что очень дорого содержать! Более того, страховка составлла всего миллион долларов, поскольку штат Техас очень либертарианский и всякие регуляции там не требуются. В конце концов владельцев не посадили, а стоило им все это чуть более 10 миллионов долларов по суду. Зная местные цены, системы безопасности за 30 лет (когда последний раз была инспекция) оказались бы в разы дороже. 15 трупов, но это бизнес, ничего личного.
At the time of the incident, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) had last inspected the plant in 1985. According to records obtained by the Associated Press, OSHA cited the plant for improper storage of anhydrous ammonia and fined it $30. OSHA could have fined the company as much as $1,000. OSHA also cited the plant for violations of respiratory protection standards, but did not impose a fine. OSHA officials said the facility was not on their "National Emphasis Plan" for inspections, because it was not a manufacturer, had no record of a major accident, and the Environmental Protection Agency did not consider it a major risk.
After a complaint in 2006 about an ammonia smell coming from the facility, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality investigated and cited the operator for not having a permit for two storage tanks that contained anhydrous ammonia. A permit was issued once the operators brought the facility into accord with agency regulations and recommendations. Also in 2006, the EPA fined the owners $2,300 for problems that included not filing a risk management program plan on time.In June 2012, the U.S. Department of Transportation's Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration further fined the facility $5,250 for violations regarding anhydrous ammonia storage.
According to an open records request by Reuters, the plant had a long history of minor thefts, presumably by people wanting to use anhydrous ammonia to make methamphetamine. The facility lacked burglar alarms, or even a fenced perimeter. It installed a surveillance system in 2009 after law enforcement recommended they do so.
In an emergency planning report filed with the EPA in 2011, company officials said the ammonia storage tanks did not represent a significant fire or explosion hazard. The tanks were still intact following the fire and explosion.
According to its last filing with the EPA in late 2012, the company stated that it stored 540,000 pounds (270 short tons; 240 t) of ammonium nitrate and 110,000 pounds (55 short tons; 50 t) of anhydrous ammonia on the site. A week after the explosion, Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano told Senate investigators that the company did not appear to have disclosed its ammonium nitrate stock to her department. Federal law requires that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) be notified whenever anyone has more than one ton of ammonium nitrate on hand, or 400 pounds (180 kg) if the ammonium nitrate is combined with combustible material.
At least seven lawsuits were filed against Adair Grain Inc., which owned the West Fertilizer Company facility. On October 11, 2015, a day before jury selection was to begin, parties reached a partial settlement in one case. Its terms have not been disclosed. The settlement includes the families of the three civilians killed in the fire and explosion. This is separate from the $118,300 in fines that West Fertilizer was handed for violating several rules about the handling of hazardous materials.
In January 2018, it was reported that the city of West will receive $10.44 million in settlements with defendants in the litigation around the plant explosion, the West City Council approved the settlement, which includes funds for damages not covered by insurance or grants from state or federal agencies. The lawsuit that the settlement pertains to, was filed on behalf of the city and claimed the defendants were negligent in selling or distributing the ammonium nitrate based fertilizer, that they failed to properly warn of the dangers associated with the handling and storage of the product, and should have never sold the product to West Fertilizer.
Отсюда
Пример номер 3. Падение Боингов. Тут я даже начинать не хочу....
Можете сами добавлять примеры