1895 8th Grade Final Exam

Feb 02, 2004 10:12

This is the eighth-grade final exam from 1895 from Salina, KS. It was taken from the original document on file at the Smoky Valley Genealogical Society and Library in Salina, KS and reprinted by the Salina Journal.


8th Grade Final Exam: Salina, KS - 1895

Grammar (Time, one hour)

1. Give nine rules for the use of Capital Letters.

2. Name the Parts of Speech and define those that have no modifications.

3. Define Verse, Stanza and Paragraph.

4. What are the Principal Parts of a verb? Give Principal Parts of do, lie, lay and run.

5. Define Case, Illustrate each Case.

6. What is Punctuation? Give rules for principal marks of Punctuation.

7 - 10. Write a composition of about 150 words and show therein that you understand the practical use of the rules of grammar.

Arithmetic (Time, 1.25 hours)

1. Name and define the Fundamental Rules of Arithmetic.

2. A wagon box is 2 ft. deep, 10 feet long, and 3 ft. wide. How many bushels of wheat will it hold?

3. If a load of wheat weighs 3942 lbs., what is it worth at 50 cts. per bu., deducting 1050 lbs. for tare?

4. District No. 33 has a valuation of $35,000. What is the necessary levy to carry on a school seven months at $50 per month, and have $104 for incidentals?

5. Find cost of 6720 lbs. coal at $6.00 per ton.

6. Find the interest of $512.60 for 8 months and 18 days at 7 percent.

7. What is the cost of 40 boards 12 inches wide and 16 ft. long at $20 per m?

8. Find bank discount on $300 for 90 days (no grace) at 10 percent.

9. What is the cost of a square farm at $15 per acre, the distance around which is 640 rods?

10. Write a Bank Check, a Promissory Note, and a Receipt.

U.S. History (Time, 45 minutes)

1. Give the epochs into which U.S. History is divided.

2. Give an account of the discovery of America by Columbus.

3. Relate the causes and results of the Revolutionary War.

4. Show the territorial growth of the United States.

5. Tell what you can of the history of Kansas.

6. Describe three of the most prominent battles of the Rebellion.

7. Who were the following: Morse, Whitney, Fulton, Bell, Lincoln, Penn, and Howe?

8. Name events connected with the following dates: 1607, 1620, 1800, 1849, and 1865?

Orthography (Time, one hour)

1. What is meant by the following: Alphabet, phonetic orthography, etymology, syllabication?

2. What are elementary sounds? How classified?

3. What are the following, and give examples of each: Trigraph, subvocals, diphthong, cognate letters, linguals?

4. Give four substitutes for caret 'u'.

5. Give two rules for spelling words with final 'e'. Name two exceptions under each rule.

6. Give two uses of silent letters in spelling. Illustrate each.

7. Define the following prefixes and use in connection with a word: Bi, dis, mis, pre, semi, post, non, inter, mono, super.

8. Mark diacritically and divide into syllables the following, and name the sign that indicates the sound: Card, ball, mercy, sir, odd, cell, rise, blood, fare, last.

9. Use the following correctly in sentences, Cite, site, sight, fane, fain, feign, vane, vain, vein, raze, raise, rays.

10. Write 10 words frequently mispronounced and indicate pronunciation by use of diacritical marks and by syllabication.

Geography (Time, one hour)

1. What is climate? Upon what does climate depend?

2. How do you account for the extremes of climate in Kansas?

3. Of what use are rivers? Of what use is the ocean?

4. Describe the mountains of N.A.

5. Name and describe the following: Monrovia, Odessa, Denver, Manitoba, Hecla, Yukon, St. Helena, Juan Fermandez, spinwall and Orinoco.

6. Name and locate the principal trade centers of the U.S.

7. Name all the republics of Europe and give capital of each.

8. Why is the Atlantic Coast colder than the Pacific in the same latitude?

9. Describe the process by which the water of the ocean returns to the sources of rivers.

10. Describe the movements of the earth. Give inclination of the earth.

Health (Time, 45 minutes)

1. Where are the saliva, gastric juice, and bile secreted? What is the use of each in digestion?

2. How does nutrition reach the circulation?

3. What is the function of the liver? Of the kidneys?

4. How would you stop the flow of blood from an artery in the case of laceration?

5. Give some general directions that you think would be beneficial to preserve the human body in a state of health.


Grammar (Time, one hour)

1. Give nine rules for the use of Capital Letters.

a.) Capitalize the first word in a sentence.

b.) Capitalize the pronoun I and the interjection O.

c.) Capitalize the first word in a quotation.

d.) Capitalize the first word in a direct question falling within a sentence.

e.) Capitalize all nouns referring to the deity and to the Bible and other sacred books.

f.) Use a capital letter for President and Presidency when these refer to the office of President of the United States.

g.) Use a capital letter for official titles before the names of officials.

h.) Capitalize proper nouns and adjectives formed from proper nouns.

i.) Capitalize every word, except conjunctions, articles and short prepositions in the titles of works of literature, music, art, books, etc. The first word of a title is always capitalized.

2. Name the Parts of Speech and define those that have no modifications.

a.) Noun

b.) Verb

c.) Adjective

d.) Adverb

e.) Pronoun

f.) Preposition

g.) Conjunction

h.) Interjection

i.) Article

Articles, interjections, conjunctions and prepositions have no modifications.

3. Define Verse, Stanza and Paragraph.

a.) Verse - A sequence of words arranged metrically according to some system of design; a single line of poetry.

b.) Stanza - A group of lines of verse forming one of the divisions of a poem or song. It is typically made of four or more lines of verse and typically has a regular pattern in the number of lines and the arrangement of meter and rhyme.

c.) Paragraph - A distinct section or subdivision of a chapter, letter, etc. usually dealing with a particular point. It is begun on a new line, often indented.

4. What are the Principal Parts of a verb? Give Principal Parts of do, lie, lay and run.

For verb forms regarded as regular and not normally indicated include:

a.) Present tenses formed by adding -s to the infinitive (or -es after o, s, x, z, ch, and sh) as waits, searches;

b.) Past tenses and past participles formed by simply adding -ed to the infinitive with no other changes in the verb form, as waited, searched;

c.) Present participles formed by simply adding -ing to the infinitive with no other changes in the verb form, as waiting, searching;

Principal Parts - do, does, did, doing; lie, lies, lied, lying; lay, lays, laid, laying; run, runs, ran, running. These are all irregular verbs.

5. Define Case, Illustrate each Case.

a.) In English syntax the term "case" refers to the subjective (or nominative), objective, and possessive forms of pronouns and the possessive form of nouns. I is the subjective (or nominative) case of the personal pronoun, me is the objective case, and my or mine are the possessive case. Mary's is the possessive case of Mary showing ownership by Mary herself.

6. What is Punctuation? Give rules for principal marks of Punctuation.

a.) Punctuation - the act, practice or system of using standardized marks in writing and printing in separate sentences or sentence elements, or to make the meaning clearer.

b.) The Period [.] - use a period at the end of declarative sentences, indirect questions and most imperative sentences, after most abbreviations. Do no use a period at the end of a title of a book, article, poem, etc.; In a typed manuscript, abbreviations and the initials of names do not have spacing after the periods, i.e., U.S.A., T.S.Eliot, e.g.

c.) The Question Mark [?] - use a question mark at the end of a direct question, after each query in a series if you wish to emphasize each element. Use a question mark enclosed in parentheses to express doubt about a word, fact or number. Do not use a question mark at the end of an indirect question.

d.) The Exclamation Mark [!} - use the exclamation mark after a particularly forceful interjection or imperative sentence.

e.) The Semicolon [;] - Use a semicolon between two independent clauses when they are not joined by a coordinating conjunction; to separate clauses joined only by conjunctive adverbs.

f.) The Colon [:] - Use a colon before a long formal quotation, formal statement, or a list of items. Use a colon after a main clause when the succeeding clause or clauses explain the first clause.

g.) The Dash [-] - Use a dash to indicate an abrupt break in the structure of the sentence or an unfinished statement. Use a dash to set off a summary or a long appositive.

h.) Parentheses [()] - Use parentheses to enclose material that is explanatory, supplementary, or exemplifying. Use parentheses to enclose cross-references.

i.) Quotation Marks [" "] - Use quotation marks to enclose all direct quotations. Use single quotation marks [' '] to enclose a quotation within another quotation. Use quotation marks to enclose words spoken of as words, words used in special senses, or words emphasized.

j.) The Apostrophe ['] - Use the apostrophe to indicate the possessive case of the noun or pronoun. Use the apostrophe to indicate the omission of letters or figures. Use the apostrophe to indicate the plurals of figures, letters, and words referred to as such, i.e., Watch your p's and q's. There are too many "and's" in your sentence.

k.) The Hyphen [-] - Use the hyphen to divide a word at the end of a line. Use a hyphen between parts of a compound modifier preceding a noun.

7-10. Write a composition of about 150 words and show therein that you understand the practical use of the rules of grammar.

Language can be thought of as articulate mind, as the means of becoming human, as the record of wit at play, as the right hand of thought, or as a great reservoir of symbol, but as a working tool it results from the use mankind has made of it.

Literally, no one can discover how a language is being employed, since language is always changing, and the shifts and appearances only become apparent later. Practically, however, we have devices for discovering what a language has been, what it is now, and even what it is becoming.

Not always has man improved his language. As more widespread communication between peoples comes to pass, most languages are losing their "purity", becoming a polyglot of the many. This is not all bad. Each people and language have something to give, something to share, and something to take, to enrich the lives of all mankind.


Arithmetic (Time, 1.25 hours)

1. Name and define the Fundamental Rules of Arithmetic.

a.) The Fundamental Rules of Arithmetic are Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division.

b.) Addition - the summing of a set of numbers to obtain the total quantity of items to which the number set refers indicated in arithmetic by + .

c.) Subtraction - the mathematical process of finding the difference between two numbers or quantities, indicated in arithmetic by - .

d.) Multiplication - the mathematical process of finding a number or quantity (the product) obtained by repeating a specified number or quantity a (the multiplicand) a specified number of times (the multiplier), indicated in arithmetic by X .

e.) Division - the mathematical process of finding how many times a number (the divisor) is contained in another number (the dividend); the number of times constitutes the quotient, indicated in arithmetic by ÷ .

2. A wagon box is 2 ft. deep, 10 feet long, and 3 ft. wide. How many bushels of wheat will it hold?

The wagon box contains 2 x 10 x 3 = 60 cubic feet. A struck bushel equals 1 1/4 cubic feet. A heaped bushel in general equals 1 1/4 struck bushels. Therefore the wagon box if heaped contains 60 bushels and if struck, 1/5th less or 48 bushels.

3. If a load of wheat weighs 3942 lbs., what is it worth at 50 cts. per bu, deducting 1050 lbs. for tare?

The actual weight of the wheat, subtracting the tare of the wagon weight of 1050 lbs is 2892 lbs. A fully ripe and dried struck bushel of wheat weighs on average 58 lbs per bushel. Therefore the solution is 2892 ÷ 58 X $.50 = $24.93

4. District No. 33 has a valuation of $35,000. What is the necessary levy to carry on a school seven months at $50 per month, and have $104 for incidentals?

The cost of 7 months of school equals $50 X 7 + $104, therefore $454.The mil levy is therefore $454 ÷ $35,000 which equals .013 levy or $1.30 per $100 valuation of the district.

5. Find cost of 6720 lbs. coal at $6.00 per ton.

One ton equals 2000 lbs, therefore 6720 ÷ 2000 X $6 = $20.16

6. Find the interest of $512.60 for 8 months and 18 days at 7 percent.

A banking month is 30 days, or 360 days per year. If the principal is held for 258 days the proportional interest for the period held is 258 ÷ 360 X $512.60 or $25.72

7. What is the cost of 40 boards 12 inches wide and 16 ft. long at $.20 per inch?

40 X 12 X $.20 = $96.00

To verify this, lumber costs $150/1000 board feet, therefore --

40 X 16 ÷ 1000 X $150 = $96.00

8. Find bank discount on $300 for 90 days (no grace) at 10 percent.

90 days is 3 months, 1/4 of the banking year, therefore the discount is .10 ÷ 4 X $300 = $7.50

9. What is the cost of a square farm at $15 per acre, the distance around which is 640 rods?

An acre is 16 rods square or 256 square rods. The farm has each side of 160 rods or 160 rods square, therefore 25600 square rods, and is 100 acres in extent and $1500 in value.

10. Write a Bank Check, a Promissory Note, and a Receipt.

Bank Check

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Farmer's Coop Bank 1895

Salina, Kansas June 1, 1894

Pay To The Order Of Salina School District 33 $57.16

Fifty Seven and 16/100 --------------------------------- Dollars

1894-95 Tuition - James John Q. Parent

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Promissory Note

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Promissory Note

I John Q. Parent do hereby promise to pay to Farmers Coop Bank the amount of $59.88 in 12 equal payments of $4.99 on the first of each month starting July 1st, 1894 , ending June 1st, 1895 , for principal $57.16 at 4 3/4 percent simple interest

John Q. Parent, May 25, 1894

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Receipt

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Salina School Dist. 33 Receipt

Salina, Kansas June 1, 1894

Received Of John Q. Parent $57.16

Fifty Seven and 16/100 --------------------------------- Dollars

1894-95 Tuition - James Roscoe R. Pound,Chmn.

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