(no subject)
Each class.
Freshmen
South Singers -sophmores
Advanced women- juniors and seniors
Pointe Singers- make up juniors, seniors, boys and girls.
The highest group.
Opening Number Aida. Musical. The whole entire choir, using choreography with flashlights. The lights were off while they danced. Soloist, all lights off and holding flashlights in the hands. And one light on her. Sang and danced with flashlights to theme song of Aida. Costumes… freshmen, black dresses, women, red dresses, men had tuxs.
The pointe singers sang lets go to the movies. All wore the red costumes, night sparkly dresses, men in tuxs. Stairs, pretending they were in the movies and strobe light. A lot of dancing. From the musical Annie.
Risers, then people are under the stairs on wheels. Turn off the lights, turn on the strobe light. Looks like they are watching a film.
After the pointe singers sing the Long and Winding Road. A ballad. Just sat on the stairs and sang, no choreography and lighting and costuming still the same.
Alex Koch sings a solo with Peter Wilton played guitar. Sang the Only Living Boy in New York, by Paul Simon.
After that all the boys in the choir Luck be a lady performance.
From the musical guys and dolls. All the boys in tuxs. The solo for beginning was Paul Managanello.
Advanced Women came on. Sang the trolley song. Lighting and costuming the sang. In red dresses. And then sang don’t rain on my parade.
Solo and duet, Elise Amato, How Could I ever Know? Boys walked on and sang Lily’s Eyes. Duet. Secret Garden medly with soloist.
South Singers came on. Sang Faseienating Ryhtmn. Swing Street. It don’t mean a thing, if you aint got that swing. Red Dresses and tuxs.
Then the full cast came on and sang mountain music. Hillbilly sounding song.
Granger Movement
The granger movement started in Washington D.C. It was intended to be a secret society for farmers. Most local branches of this society were called Granges and started to form in Minnesota. The founder was Oliver Kelley. This movement was especially popular during 1870 when there were over 850,000 members.
The entire point of this organization was so the farmers made others aware of the victimization of their businesses by companies involving the railroads, merchants and banks.
These problems led to an agrarian movement, which can also be called an agriculture awareness movement, in which many people who were not part of the Grange participated and campaigned for political candidates, founded banks and rushed through the legislation that enabled rail road regulation and grain elevators. They tried to get the political candidates on their side for economic issues they were facing at the time.
About ten years later during the 1880’s the popularity in the Midwest declined, but the west and south created a new Farmers’ Alliance movement.
They believed regulating the railroads was very important, therefore they set important examples with the legislation regarding the railroads.
This movement marked the beginning the nations farmers to speak their opinions and problems economically and using political measures to get their ideas across to others.
Bloc Voting …exact definition is….
Refers to a class of voting systems which can be used to elect several representatives from a single constituency.
It really means….
It represents the minorities well and could be called another way for a popular vote.
It is used to elect boards of directors of corporations.
Partial block voting, involves each voter receiving fewer votes than the number of candidates to be elected.
Preferential bloc voting….
Granger State Laws
They set the maximum railroad rates.
They established state railroad costs for directing the new legislation.
They were successful with the establishment of stores, grain elevators and mills.
Munn vs. Illinois 1877
This case was taken to the Supreme Court in 1876. What basically happened was the farmers were being forced to pay really high rates to the very powerful rail road companies for freight rights. The Supreme Court decided that they should put the rates down from the maximum ones they were charging the farmers. This was causing the farmers most of the time to go bankrupt, which was directly affect the people in surrounding areas, and was affecting the economy as a whole.
Wabash Case 1886
Interstate Commerce Act
Taking place in 1887 Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act. This act ensured the railroads being the first industry ever to be under Federal Regulation. In previous years, the railroads were privately owned and were only monopolies in the areas in which they were located. They established a five member board known as the Interstate Commerce Commission which required railroads to make their rates reasonable and just and prohibited special rates for locals, shippers or products.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
Named after Senator John Sherman of Ohio, the Sherman Anti Trust Act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the US Congress to ban trusts. Many other states had tried passing acts such as these, but the rules only appealed to laws inside of the state, instead this act was nationwide. This bill was signed on July 2, 1890 by President Benjamin Harrison.
This act could also be called the anti monopoly act. What happens is the stockholders in different companies would move their shares to a single set of trustees and then would be replaced with a certificate that would give them a certain part of the share in that certain company. The trusts soon began to destroy competition, because the big industries were the only ones dominating. A good example is the Standard Oil Company. All the trusts were managed by the nine trustees of the company, they determined the payments, but they were running all of the companies all along, so it became a monopoly.
What the anti trust act did was try to destroy the trusts even taking place. If they found anyone or anything “in the form of trust or otherwise that was in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations” was considered illegal and the person would immediately have to pay fines of over 5,000 dollars and spend one year in jail.
This act was supposed to restore competition among businesses, but it was worded very poorly and had hardly any affect on the businesses of the time. Although in the bill trusts, combinations, conspiracies and monopolies were all discussed, they failed to define these terms and exactly what they meant in the whole scheme of things. Five years later, the Sherman Anti Trust Act was destroyed.
The courts did not think that the companies control on manufactures was not showing complete control over trade.
Unionism is a union organizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union -- regardless of skill or trade -- thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations. Advocates of industrial unionism value its contributions to building unity and solidarity, suggesting the slogans, "an injury to one an injury to all" and "the longer the picket line, the shorter the strike."
Collective Bargaining
When unionism was forming in the United States the workers were all trying to have some sort of control. In the process of this, something called Collective Bargaining was brought up.
Collective Bargaining was a way for employers and employees to determine the conditions of employment that was fair for all.
It covered areas such as hiring, practices, layoffs, promotions, working conditions and hours, and benefit programs.
Knights of Labor….. LOOKTO NOTES……