CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature

Literature related to this study includes excerpts from articles on homophobic oppression and persecution, on the development in the tolerance of homosexuals, as well as excerpts from an essay on persistent homophobia in the Philppines.

Oppression and Persecution of Homosexuals

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1

Tita Sylvia! Tita, tita! (gasp)

Maglalaro po ako ng (gasp)

Power Rangers na laban-laban. (gasp)

Kaso tao pa po si Kimberly (gasp)

Kaya mmmm pahiram muna ng Barbie ni Carla …

I owned Power Ranger action figures. They were actually personal property of Constantine Oandasan, always willing to share these for reasons less because we were brothers ( Read more... )

2

It was at DUDLEY. I’m not sure if this was a name or an acronym; just that it was a Caucasian’s green house on a hill in the middle of Vigan’s poblacion. After class, when Constante Oandasan had picked me up, I would sing by the driver’s seat: Bayang Magiliw-not Lupang Hinirang-one of the songs we were taught aside from the five vowel sounds.

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3

In elementary, a bevy of well-to-do girls spent recess time in their own fantasy world of Barbies, Polly-Pockets, and push-button pencil cases.

Into the classroom, her hair neatly held by two butterfly hairclips shimmering in a novelty impossible to overlook, a classmate would strut her way through the door labeled Our Lady of Lourdes, later ( Read more... )

4

At a young age, I simply loved the beautiful. Ever since Constante Oandasan bought me a Children’s Bible in Manila during his trips to Manila as part of his job as Apo Bokál, I have never forgotten how pretty Mama Mary was: long black raven hair, a fair complexion-she always had such pretty make-up. Loved her. During class hours, I thought of ( Read more... )

5

Unlike Song Verona, I just listened to the discussion and took notes like a good student. Then I would inevitably get bored. So I would look outside the windows that lined the east walls of the 2nd-graders’ classroom. Outside and under the nine o’clock sun, there they were: the large mango and acacia trees, about five of them, shading the swing, ( Read more... )

7

I envy the likes of Song Verona who aren’t frightened when seeing a crucified manikin. So far, the sculpture was a far cry from Gibson’s version drawn to the brutal reality of the Pascal Mystery, where buckets of blood were used that could have drowned the person of Christ. Thanks to Kill Bill, Song had inured himself with movies that present ( Read more... )

8

This would be one of my routes homeward bound. From Dapitan, I ride a jeep. I alight at Isetann, Quiapo. I then endure the pain of calluses as I walk towards the Recto Train Station. While walking, I would realize that the traffic is spoiling my beauty powder, so I enter Isetann, enjoy some airconditioning, and get out of it just in front of the ( Read more... )

9

My hometown-pronounced Mag-síng-gal, Ilocos Sur, an eight-to-ten-hours drive from Manila-it never had an SM branch, just the public market, between McArthur Highway and the river. From the calsada, one can see an annex of stores for dry goods, groceries in unpainted concrete walls-all these to cover up the reality called tiendaan. The annex of ( Read more... )