(no subject)
Bilateral cleft lip
Lateral cleft lip
"Here is a lateral cleft in a child with multiple congenital anomalies. In this case, the constellation of anomalies suggested a possible chromosomal anomaly, and a karyotype revealed 47, XY, +18 (trisomy 18)."
Omphalocele
"Here is a ventral abdominal wall defect. This defect involves the region of the umbilical cord, so this is an omphalocele. Note that there is a thin membrane covering the herniated abdominal contents (loops of bowel can be seen under the membrane). This defect would have to be repaired over a period of time. Since the bowel has mainly developed outside of the abdominal cavity, it is malrotated and the cavity is not properly formed (too small)."
Gastroschisis
"This is large lateral abdominal wall defect does not involve the umbilical cord and is not covered by a membrane. This is a gastroschisis. Much of the bowel, stomach, and liver are herniated outside the abdominal cavity."
Hydranencephaly
"This is hydranencephaly. The brain is essentially a bag of water, because an intrauterine vascular accident involving the brain led to lack of blood flow and subsequent loss of cerebral tissue."
Syndactyly
Sirenomelia
"This is sirenomelia. The term comes from "siren" or "mermaid" because of the characteristic fusion of the lower extremities that results from a failure in the development of a normal vascular supply to lower extremities from the lower aorta in utero."
Oligohydramnios
"Seen in the right panel is the characteristic facial appearance with oligohydramnios, with prominent infraorbital creases and a flattened nose. In the left panel the hand appears to have excessive skin folds, like a loose glove. Oligohydramnios restricts fetal movement. The umbilical cord may be short."
"Rocker bottom" foot
"This is the appearance of a "rocker bottom" foot with a prominent calcaneus and rounded bottom. Such an anomaly may suggest a chromosomal abnormality such as trisomy 18."
Hydrops fetalis
"Generalized edema from fluid collection in the soft tissues results in hydrops fetalis. There are many causes for fetal hydrops. The most common are "non-immune" types that include infections, congestive failure (from anemia or cardiac abnormalities), and congenital anomalies. Immune hydrops, from maternal antibody formed against fetal red blood cells, is not common when Rh immune globulin is employed in cases of potential Rh incompatibility."
Craniothoracopagus
"This is an uncommon complication of monozygous twinning in which there is fusion of the twins. The popular term is "siamese" twins. The scientific term applicable in the case shown here is craniothoracopagus, or twins joined at the head and chest. There is only one brain, and the hearts and gastrointestinal tracts are fused as well. The location and amount of fusion can vary."
Thoracopagus
"This is an example of thoracopagus. Note the large omphalocele in the lower abdomen shared by these monozygous twins. These twins shared a heart and liver and several other organs were partially fused. Attempts at separation of such twins can either be viewed as heroic new technology or expensive futility. The survival rate with significant fusion of organs is essentially nil."
Acardius-acephalus
"This is another abnormality of twinning in which one fetus is essentially a poorly formed blob attached to, or separate from, a complete fetus. This condition is called acardius-acephalus because there is typically no heart or brain in the "blob" twin. The photograph here reveals an acardiac twin that consists mainly of just lower extremities. Such a non-viable twin can be surgically removed."
Acardius anceps
"This is a more complete acardiac twin in which actual body regions are present. There were few poorly formed internal organs present. Nonetheless, it is non-viable."
Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
"If there is a vascular connection across a monochorionic twin placenta, then a twin-twin transfusion syndrome can develop. In this condition, there is diminished blood flow to one twin (the "donor") and increased blood flow to the other twin (the "recipient"). The pale appearing donor is smaller and may die for lack of sufficient blood flow. More commonly, the larger plethoric recipient may die from congestive heart failure."
Meningomyelocele
"Neural tube defects are are one of the more common congenital anomalies to occur. Such defects result from improper embryonic neural tube closure. The most minimal defect is called spina bifida, with failure of the vertebral body to completely form, but the defect is not open. Open neural tube defects with lack of a skin covering, can include a meningocele, in which meninges protrude through the defect. Here is a large meningomyelocele in which the defect is large enough to allow meninges and a portion of spinal cord to protrude through the defect. Such defects can be suggested by an elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)."
Anencephaly
"Note the absence of the cranial vault in this fetus with anencephaly. Supplementing the maternal diet with folate prior to and during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects."
Iniencephaly
"This is a slight variation of a neural tube defect known as iniencephaly in which there is lack of proper formation of occipital bones with a short neck and defect of the upper cord. The head is tilted back."
Exencephaly
"This form of neural tube defect is known as exencephaly. The cranial vault is not completely present, but a brain is present, because it was not completely exposed to amniotic fluid. Such an event is very rare. It may be part of craniofacial clefts associated with the limb-body wall complex, which results from early amnion disruption."
Lymphangioma
"There is a large mass involving the left upper arm and left chest of this fetus. This congenital neoplasm turned out to be a lymphangioma."
Nasopharyngeal teratoma
"Congenital and pediatric neoplasms are uncommon. One type that can occur is a teratoma. Shown here is a large nasopharyngeal teratoma that is protruding from the oral cavity."
more at http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/PEDHTML/PEDIDX.html#3