22 in binary is 10110. Binary is base 2, compared to what we use, which is base ten. This means that each "place" in our system is worth 10 to the power of the "place." So with 22, what you see is 2 * 10^1 + 2 * 10^0. If it were 103 (one hundred three), it would be 1 * 10^2 + 0 * 10^1 + 3 * 10^0. 22 in binary, 10110 breaks down into: 1 * 2^4 + 0 * 10^3 + 1 * 10^2 + 1 * 10^1 + 0 * 10^0, or 16 + 4 + 2 = 22. As a further example, 22 in a base three system would be 211, or 2 * 3^2 + 1 * 3^1 + 1 * 3^0, which is 18 + 3 + 1 = 22.
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