HEAD, CABBAGE and their direct relatives

[new_etymology]

(not only 'Indo-Germanic'):




кабак (Tatar), kabak (Tur.), qabaq (Azeri), kovoq (Uzbek), қабақ (Kazakh) - a pumpkin;
koba, kobaka, kobakas, kobakene (Estonian) - colossus; huge, bulky; bearish, sluggish; кабан, кобань [kaban, koban] (Tver dialect) - huge chunk of ice;
cabbage (Eng.), kapsas (Est.), капуста, kapusta (Slavic) - a cabbage;
caboche, caboce (archaic French) - a head; a cabbage;
caput (Latin), cabeza (Sp.) - head;
capo (It.) - a head; boss;
Kopf (Ger.), hoofd (Dutch), huvud (Sw.), hoved (Dan.), höfuð (Icel.) - a head (Eng., with the 'lost' -v-/-p-);
kafa (Tur.), qafa (Azeri) - a head;
κεφάλι [kefal] (Gr.) - a head;
kepala (Indonesian, Malay.), ក្បាល [kbal] (Khmer) - a head;
क [ka] (Sanskrit, one of the many synonyms) - a head.

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All of the following words mean 'a mushroom' - and are again directly related (note the spread of the allegedly 'unrelated' languages):

kabute (Sebua, Philippines) - a mushroom;
гоб [gob] (Komi) - a mushroom;
губа, pl. губы [guba, guby] (Rus. dial.), houby (Czech), huba (Slovak), gob, goba (Slovenian), гъба (Bulgarian) - a mushroom;
[ǧumba] غومبه (Pashto) - a swelling; a mushroom;
гөмбә, gömbä (Tatar), кӑмпа (Chuvash), kömelek (Turkmen), göbələk, köbələk (Azeri) - a mushroom;
gomba (Hung.) - a mushroom;
тхъумб [t'humb] (Adyg, Caucasus) - a mushroom;
खुंभी [khumbhī] (Hindi), ਖੁੰਭ [khubha] (Pandjabi) - a mushroom;
supa (Sudan) - a mushroom;
sopp (Norw.) - a mushroom;
svamp (Sw., Dan.) - a mushroom;
сhampignon (Fr.) - any mushroom; wrongly etymologized from campo, campagna - 'a field' - and claimed to have allegedly initially meant 'a field mushroom': https://www.etymonline.com/word/champignon .

Naturally, there are many-many more direct relatives, e.g., these 'legs' and 'pawns', 'boots' and 'hooves' and 'columns':

šapa (Sloven., Croat., Serb., Bosn.), шепа [shepa] (Maked.), ťapa (Slovak) - a pawn;
ķepa (Latv.) - a pawn;
käpp, gen. käpa, part. käppa (Est.), käpā (Livon.), käppä (Fin.), käppi, käppü (Karel), käpät (Lüdic) - a pawn;
[samba] (Papua, documented by Miklouho-Maclay) - a leg;
sampean (Sudan) - a foot;
zampa (It.), zuppa (Corsican) - a foot, a pawn of an animal;
gamba (It.), jambe (Fr.) - a leg;
këmbë (Alb.) - a leg.

saabas, gen. saapa (Est., Izhora), sōpkõz (Livon.), saappaga (Votic), saapas (Fin.), suappai (Karel.), sapug (Veps.) - a boot;
zābaks (Latv.) - a boot;
сапог [sapog] (Rus.), сопог, сабог, забог [sopog, sabog, zabog] (Rus. dial, per Max Vasmer) - a boot;
тапок, pl. тапки [tapok, tapki] (рус.) - a slipper, slippers;
заиба [zaiba] (ингуш.) - a block for making shoes;
[šep] (Hatt.) - shoes;
чёботы, чоботы [choboty] (Ukr.) - a type of boots with a short shaft;
ciabatta (It.) - a slipper, slippers;
zapato (Sp.) - a boot.

жамба [zhamba] (Ingush) - a column from the middle and above;
स्तम्भ [stambha, skambha; стамбха, скамбха] (Sanskrit) - in the Indian Vedas, the column connecting the Heavens (svarga) and the Earth (prithivi); also a monumental stone pillar in Indian architecture topped with a lotus-shaped capital;
sammas, gen. samba, also Sampo (Fin., Est.) - in Finnic mythology: space pillar, pillar that supports the sky; a magic mill, the roof of which symbolizes the star-studded celestial dome revolving around the central axis - the pillar on which the whole World rests; according to Graham Hancock, the Sampo mill represents the precession of the Earth's axis of rotation, the full cycle of which is about 25,765 years: http://kladina.narod.ru/hancock/chast5.htm ; См. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Прецессия ) :


compare also to:
Σαμβατας, Sambatas - an ancient name of the city of Kyiv-on-the-Dnieper;
Sambation (סַמְבַּטְיוֹן) - a mythic river that boils and boils on weekdays, and rests on Saturdays;
σύμπαν [siban] (Gr.) - the Universe, space.

Learn more: https://eesti-keel.livejournal.com/205989.html